Dezvoltarea și evaluarea tehnologiilor

Abstract

Procesul de dezvoltare a tehnologiilor este strâns legat de evaluarea tehnologiilor, deoarece transferul tehnologic se poatye produce la orice etapa a ciclului de viata a tehnologiei. Se constata ca noţiunea de tehnologie este foarte larga si se refera la produs, fabricaţie, servicii, organizare, marketing etc. Tehnologiile de produs se dezvolta pe mai multe direcţii simultan: hibridizare, intensificare, miniaturizare, informatizare, digitalizare etc. Sunt analizate mai multe modele de dezvoltare tehnologica, modele care se bazeaza pe ciclul de viata al tehnologiei, sunt compuse din mai multe faze si fiecare dintre care este urmata de verificari-evaluari cu tenta tehnico-tehnologica- economicafinanciara- etica-de mediu. Pentru evaluarea procesului de dezvoltare a tehnologiilor sunt utilizate sistemele NASA si European ce includ cate 9 Nivele de Pregătire a Tehnologiei (Technology Readiness Levels). O tehnologie chiar perfgect dezvoltata nu poate fi diseminata daca nu este suficient nivelul de pregătire a fabricaţiei (Manufacturing Readiness Levels), pentru care sunt specificate 10 categorii.

The process of technology development is closely related to the evaluation of technologies, because technology transfer can occur at any stage of the technology life cycle. It is found that the notion of technology is very wide and refers to product, manufacturing, Services, organization, marketing, etc. Product technologies are developing in several directions simultaneously: hybridization, intensification, miniaturization, computerization, digitization, etc. Several models of technological development are analyzed, models that are based on the life cycle of technology, are composed of several phases and each of which is followed by checks-evaluations with a technical-technologicaleconomic- financial-ethical-environmental focus. NASA and European systems are used to evaluate the technology development process, which include 9 Technology Readiness Levels. Even a perfectly developed technology cannot be disseminated if the level of manufacturing readiness (Manufacturing Readiness Levels) is not sufficient, for which 10 categories are specified.