Priority directions for the recovery of wine waste in the Republic of Moldova

Abstract

Disposal of this waste creates environmental problems, such as groundwater and surface water pollution, the spread of disease vectors, and excessive oxygen consumption in soil and groundwater. Biodegradation of this waste is slow due to low pH and the presence of compounds with antibacterial properties, such as polyphenols. At the same time, grape pomace contains significant amounts of biological active compounds that can be considered beneficial to health. Grape seeds are composed of 40% fiber, 10-20% lipids, 10% protein, and the rest are sugars, polyphenolic compounds and minerals. Dietary fiber and polyphenolic compounds remain in the pomace after the vinification process in significant quantities (approximately 70%). Some fiber from grape pomace forms chemical bonds with phenolic substances and thus generate antioxidant dietary fiber, giving them the capacity for radical uptake. This gives them a higher nutritional value compared to the dietary fiber in cereals.