Adevărul și criteriile determinării adevărului

Abstract

The focus of this article centers on the concept of truth and the various approaches to its determination. To provide a comprehensive analysis, the author divides the topic into two distinct parts. The first part delves into the notion of truth itself, exploring different methods of defining it. Specifically, the classical perspective of truth (known as the correspondence theory), the coherent theory of truth, and the eliminative theory of truth are examined. Within each perspective, the key theories put forth by notable philosophers are highlighted. Notably, the positions of Aristotle, René Descartes, and Alfred Tarski are expounded upon in relation to the correspondence theory, while Gottfried Leibniz and Baruch Spinoza's theories are scrutinized within the context of the coherent theory. Furthermore, the eliminative theory is elucidated through the examination of the theories proposed by Bas van Fraassen, Richard Rorty, and Paul Feyerabend. In the second part, the article addresses the complex issue of methodologies and criteria employed in the determination of truth. The author emphasizes four distinct groups of criteria that facilitate our understanding of what can be considered as truth: criteria associated with the coherent and correspondence theories of truth, criteria linked to the broader context of scientific inquiry, non-theoretical criteria, and conventional criteria.