DNA Hybridization Detection Using Microwave Resonators

Abstract

The unhybridized and hybridized states of the DNA ( ss DNA and ds DNA) are detected using a miniaturized electromagnetic band gap microwave resonator. The two DNA states are detected unambiguously using a maximum frequency span 2.6 GHz. The transmission measurements were repeated on various resonators positioned on the same wafer and the results were reproduced with high accuracy. The span of 1 GHz between DNA two states was measured in the case when ss DNA was anchored directly on the surface of the electromagnetic bandgap microwave resonator with the frequency GHz, while a span of 2.6 GHz was measured when DNA is anchored to gold nanoislands decorating bamboo-shaped carbon nanotubes and 0.5 μL of this solution is uniformly deposited on the surface of the electromagnetic bandgap microwave resonator with the frequency GHz. The big difference between the two states of DNA is due their different effective electrical permittivity in the microwave range.