Reglarea încărcăturii de rod la pomii de măr de soiul Golden Reinders prin diverse metode de rărire

Abstract

Cercetările s-au efectuat în livada companiei „Codru-ST”, înfiinţată în anul 2009, cu pomi cu coroană formată după metoda „knip boom”. Obiectul cercetărilor a fost soiul Golden Reinders altoit pe portaltoiul M9. Distanţa de plantare – 3,5x1,2 m. Pentru reglarea încărcăturii de rod s-au utilizat diverse metode de rărire: 1) fără rărire (martor); 2) rărire manuală a fructelor, care s-a efectuat după căderea fiziologică a lor, când aveau 1,5-2,0 cm în diametru; 3) stropire cu Geramid New, 1,5 l/ha, la căderea a 80% de petale +2-3 zile; 4) stropire cu Geramid New, 2,0 l/ha, la căderea a 80% de petale +2-3 zile; 5) două stropiri cu Geramid New, 1,0 l/ha +1,0 l/ha: prima stropire – la căderea a 80% de petale +2-3 zile, a II-a – la dimensiunea de 6 mm în diametru a fructului central. Cercetările s-au efectuat pe parcursul anilor 2015–2016. Pe parcursul cercetărilor s-a studiat cantitatea de inflorescenţe până la rarire şi după, cantitatea de fructe pe pom şi la 100 de inflorescenţe, producţia, greutatea şi diametrul medii ale unui fruct. S-a stabilit că tratarea cu Geramid New a diminuat cu 41,9-51,5% cantitatea de inflorescenţe legate, ceea ce a permis şi o amplasare mai raţională a fructelor într-o inflorescenţă. Cea mai mare producţie medie de fructe a fost înregistrată în varianta tratată cu Geramid New în doza de 1,5 l/ha – 50,69 t/ha ori cu 85,2% mai mult în comparaţie cu varianta martor.

The experiment was carried outin the orchard of the company “Codru-ST” (Republic of Moldova), established in 2009 with trees of ”knip boom” type. The object of the research was Golden Reinders apple variety grafted on M9 rootstock. Planting distance is 3,5 x 1,2 m. For adjusting crop load different thinning methods were used: 1. without thinning (control); 2. manual thinning of fruits, which was performed after their physiological fall when they were 1.5-2.0 cm in diameter; 3. Spraying with Geramid New, 1.5 l/ha, after the fall of 80% of the petals + 2-3 days; 4. Spraying with Geramid New, 2,0 l/ha, after the fall of 80% of the petals + 2-3 days; 5. Two sprayings with Geramid New, 1.0 l/ha +1.0 l/ha: the first spraying was done when 80% of the petals had fallen + 2-3 days; the second spraying was performed when the diameter of the central fruit was 6 mm. The research was conducted during the years 2015-2016. The number of blossom clusters before and after the thinning, the number of fruits per tree and per 100 flower clusters as well as the yield and average fruit weight and diameter were evaluated. It was established that, the treatment with Geramid New reduced the amount of fruit-bearing inflorescences by 41.9-51.5%, which eventually allowed a more rational placement of the fruits in an inflorescence. The highest average fruit production was recorded in the Geramid New variant at the rate of 1.5 l/ha - 50.69 t/ha. It was by 85.2% higher compared to the control variant.