Metrological simulators of electrical passive quantities with algorithmic structure

Abstract

This Review contains the systematization of the material in the domain of metrological simulators of electrical passive quantities with an algorithmic structure (MS-A, for simplicity), used as reference elements in impedance measurement. The general aspects of these devices, the MS-A classification under the relevant criteria, the formal–structural method of synthesis of the simulators with necessary characteristics, and the example of synthesis are discussed. The analysis of basic types of MS-A: I-commanded and U-commanded, in Cartesian coordinates and in polar coordinates, with asymmetric and with symmetric connection is carried out. For each type of simulator, the conversion diagram of information, the simulator structure, and the internal circuits are presented. The paper also contains the analysis of stability of presented structures, in which the conditions of guaranteed functional stability for MS-A at its connection in external circuits are determined, and experimental confirmation of the results.